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Biomineralization of S chlumbergerella floresiana , a significant carbonate‐producing benthic foraminifer
Author(s) -
Sabbatini A.,
Bédouet L.,
Marie A.,
Bartolini A.,
Landemarre L.,
Weber M. X.,
Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I.,
Berland S.,
Zito F.,
VénecPeyré M.T.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
geobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.859
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1472-4669
pISSN - 1472-4677
DOI - 10.1111/gbi.12085
Subject(s) - biomineralization , carbonate , benthic zone , geochemistry , chemistry , geology , oceanography , paleontology , organic chemistry
Most foraminifera that produce a shell are efficient biomineralizers. We analyzed the calcitic shell of the large tropical benthic foraminifer S chlumbergerella floresiana . We found a suite of macromolecules containing many charged and polar amino acids and glycine that are also abundant in biomineralization proteins of other phyla. As neither genomic nor transcriptomic data are available for foraminiferal biomineralization yet, de novo ‐generated sequences, obtained from organic matrices submitted to ms blast database search, led to the characterization of 156 peptides. Very few homologous proteins were matched in the proteomic database, implying that the peptides are derived from unknown proteins present in the foraminiferal organic matrices. The amino acid distribution of these peptides was queried against the uniprot database and the mollusk uniprot database for comparison. The mollusks compose a well‐studied phylum that yield a large variety of biomineralization proteins. These results showed that proteins extracted from S . floresiana shells contained sequences enriched with glycine, alanine, and proline, making a set of residues that provided a signature unique to foraminifera. Three of the de novo peptides exhibited sequence similarities to peptides found in proteins such as pre‐collagen‐ P and a group of P ‐type ATP ases including a calcium‐transporting ATP ase. Surprisingly, the peptide that was most similar to the collagen‐like protein was a glycine‐rich peptide reported from the test and spine proteome of sea urchin. The molecules, identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry analyses, included acid‐soluble N ‐glycoproteins with its sugar moieties represented by high‐mannose‐type glycans and carbohydrates. Describing the nature of the proteins, and associated molecules in the skeletal structure of living foraminifera, can elucidate the biomineralization mechanisms of these major carbonate producers in marine ecosystems. As fossil foraminifera provide important paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information, a better understanding of biomineralization in these organisms will have far‐reaching impacts.