Premium
Behaviour at short temporal scales drives dispersal dynamics and survival in a metapopulation of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )
Author(s) -
White Shan L.,
Wagner Tyler
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
freshwater biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2427
pISSN - 0046-5070
DOI - 10.1111/fwb.13637
Subject(s) - metapopulation , salvelinus , fontinalis , biological dispersal , trout , population , ecology , biology , tributary , electrofishing , geography , habitat , fishery , demography , fish <actinopterygii> , cartography , sociology
Movement has been studied extensively in stream salmonids, and most data suggest that population‐level behaviour is best described by a leptokurtic distribution. This distribution emphasises the large proportion of sedentary individuals in a population, which can implicitly lead to assumptions of low population connectivity and overlook the ecological significance of rare individuals with more mobile phenotypes. We report findings of a multi‐season radio telemetry study conducted on four adjacent populations of wild brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) connected by Loyalsock Creek in north‐central Pennsylvania. We used these data to investigate temporal and spatial patterns in movement and fitness trade‐offs associated with behavioural phenotype. Similar to previous studies, we found that 59 of the 120 radio‐tagged individuals (49%) were sedentary and moved less than 200 m. Only 18% of individuals dispersed more than 1 km, but the maximum distance moved exceeded 13 km. We also found that mobile individuals had significantly higher summer and autumn survival than did sedentary fish, which could indicate that there are fitness benefits associated with vagility. Most long‐distance movements were the result of fish migrating from small tributaries into a larger mainstem river in the days after spawning. Therefore, even though mobility was only expressed for a short duration and by relatively few individuals in the population, the behaviour appears to maintain metapopulation connectivity throughout the catchment. Our study highlights the ecological significance of rare phenotypes for population demography across large spatial scales and the need to understand movement across multiple temporal and spatial scales to ensure adequate conservation of critical forms of cryptic life history diversity.