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Toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacterial proliferations: Challenges and solutions for enhancing knowledge and improving monitoring and mitigation
Author(s) -
Wood Susanna A.,
Kelly Laura T.,
BoumaGregson Keith,
Humbert JeanFrançois,
Laughinghouse Haywood Dail,
Lazorchak James,
McAllister Tara G.,
McQueen Andrew,
Pokrzywinski Kaytee,
Puddick Jonathan,
Quiblier Catherine,
Reitz Laura A.,
Ryan Ken G.,
Vadeboncoeur Yvonne,
Zastepa Arthur,
Davis Timothy W.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
freshwater biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2427
pISSN - 0046-5070
DOI - 10.1111/fwb.13532
Subject(s) - benthic zone , ecology , biology , habitat , cyanobacteria , primary producers , nutrient , phytoplankton , genetics , bacteria
This review summarises knowledge on the ecology, toxin production, and impacts of toxic freshwater benthic cyanobacterial proliferations. It documents monitoring, management, and sampling strategies, and explores mitigation options. Toxic proliferations of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria (taxa that grow attached to substrates) occur in streams, rivers, lakes, and thermal and meltwater ponds, and have been reported in 19 countries. Anatoxin‐ and microcystin‐containing mats are most commonly reported (eight and 10 countries, respectively). Studies exploring factors that promote toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations are limited to a few species and habitats. There is a hierarchy of importance in environmental and biological factors that regulate proliferations with variables such as flow (rivers), fine sediment deposition, nutrients, associated microbes, and grazing identified as key drivers. Regulating factors differ among colonisation, expansion, and dispersal phases. New ‐omics‐based approaches are providing novel insights into the physiological attributes of benthic cyanobacteria and the role of associated microorganisms in facilitating their proliferation. Proliferations are commonly comprised of both toxic and non‐toxic strains, and the relative proportion of these is the key factor contributing to the overall toxin content of each mat. While these events are becoming more commonly reported globally, we currently lack standardised approaches to detect, monitor, and manage this emerging health issue. To solve these critical gaps, global collaborations are needed to facilitate the rapid transfer of knowledge and promote the development of standardised techniques that can be applied to diverse habitats and species, and ultimately lead to improved management.