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Effects of silver nanoparticles on bacterioplankton in a boreal lake
Author(s) -
Blakelock Graham C.,
Xenopoulos Marguerite A.,
Norman Beth C.,
Vincent Jennifer L.,
Frost Paul C.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
freshwater biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.297
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2427
pISSN - 0046-5070
DOI - 10.1111/fwb.12788
Subject(s) - bacterioplankton , biomass (ecology) , aquatic ecosystem , environmental chemistry , ecosystem , phytoplankton , plankton , bacterial growth , nutrient , chlorophyll a , biology , abundance (ecology) , chemistry , ecology , food science , bacteria , botany , genetics
Summary Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP s) are widely used antimicrobial agents and a growing body of evidence suggests that their release into aquatic environments threatens natural bacterial communities and whole ecosystems. However, a knowledge gap exists between the toxic effects of Ag NP s found in laboratory studies and their potential impacts in natural environments. In an enclosure experiment conducted in a boreal lake, we exposed natural bacterial communities to Ag NP s with two common types of coatings (polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ) and citrate) under two different exposure regimes, a one‐time (pulse) and a continuous (chronic) addition. Ag NP additions increased Ag concentrations to nearly 50 μg L −1 in the highest treatments. We examined bacterial responses (abundance, biomass, production, chlorophyll‐ a content and nutrient stoichiometry) over the course of 6 weeks in the summer of 2012. Bacterioplankton exposed to Ag NP s initially accumulated Ag over the experimental period regardless of Ag NP concentration or coating. After the initial period of increase, Ag in the bacterial size fraction changed largely in concert with bacterial biomass. We found no toxic effects of Ag NP s on bacterioplankton abundance, biomass, production or chlorophyll‐ a content throughout the experiment. Bacterial production was greater after the pulse addition of PVP ‐coated Ag NP s and in the chronic addition of PVP ‐coated Ag NP s at the highest concentrations. Furthermore, Ag NP s produced no significant changes in nutrient stoichiometry of the bacterioplankton size fraction. This lack of effects of Ag NPs on lake bacterioplankton observed under the natural conditions studied here differs from results of short‐term and laboratory studies of single‐species bacterial cultures. Our results thus indicate Ag NP effects in lakes may be less than expected based on standard laboratory experiments, and that additional studies are needed to understand Ag NP toxicity under realistic natural conditions in lakes and other ecosystems.