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Protein cysteine palmitoylation in immunity and inflammation
Author(s) -
Lin Hening
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.15728
Subject(s) - palmitoylation , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , signal transduction , immune system , inflammation , immunology , cysteine , biochemistry , enzyme
Protein cysteine palmitoylation, or S‐palmitoylation, has been known for about 40 years, and thousands of proteins in humans are known to be modified. Because of the large number of proteins modified, the importance and physiological functions of S‐palmitoylation are enormous. However, most of the known physiological functions of S‐palmitoylation can be broadly classified into two categories, neurological or immunological. This review provides a summary on the function of S‐palmitoylation from the immunological perspective. Several important immune signaling pathways are discussed, including STING, NOD1/2, JAK‐STAT in cytokine signaling, T‐cell receptor signaling, chemotactic GPCR signaling, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and endothelial and epithelial integrity. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather focuses on specific examples to highlight the versatility of palmitoylation in regulating immune signaling, as well as the potential and challenges of targeting palmitoylation to treat immune diseases.