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On the structure and mechanism of two‐pore channels
Author(s) -
Kintzer Alexander F.,
Stroud Robert M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.14154
Subject(s) - mechanism (biology) , chemistry , biophysics , physics , biology , quantum mechanics
In eukaryotes, two‐pore channels ( TPC 1–3) comprise a family of ion channels that regulate the conductance of Na + and Ca 2+ ions across cellular membranes. TPC 1–3 form endolysosomal channels, but TPC 3 can also function in the plasma membrane. TPC 1/3 are voltage‐gated channels, but TPC 2 opens in response to binding endolysosome‐specific lipid phosphatidylinositol‐3,5‐diphosphate ( PI (3,5)P 2 ). Filoviruses, such as Ebola, exploit TPC ‐mediated ion release as a means of escape from the endolysosome during infection. Antagonists that block TPC 1/2 channel conductance abrogate filoviral infections. TPC 1/2 form complexes with the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 ( mTORC 1) at the endolysosomal surface that couple cellular metabolic state and cytosolic nutrient concentrations to the control of membrane potential and pH . We determined the X‐ray structure of TPC 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (At TPC 1) to 2.87Å resolution—one of the two first reports of a TPC channel structure. Here, we summarize these findings and the implications that the structure may have for understanding endolysosomal control mechanisms and their role in human health.