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Human cathepsin L, a papain‐like collagenase without proline specificity
Author(s) -
Korenč Matevž,
Lenarčič Brigita,
Novinec Marko
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.13499
Subject(s) - cathepsin o , cathepsin a , cathepsin , cathepsin h , cathepsin c , collagenase , papain , cathepsin l , biochemistry , chemistry , cathepsin l1 , cathepsin e , cathepsin b , collagen helix , cathepsin k , cathepsin s , cleavage (geology) , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biology , peptide , in vitro , paleontology , osteoclast , fracture (geology)
Several members of the papain‐like peptidase family have the ability to degrade collagen molecules by cleaving within the triple helix region of this difficult substrate. A common denominator of these peptidases is their ability to cleave substrates with Pro in the P2 position. In humans, cathepsin K is the best‐known papain‐like collagenase. Here, we investigate the collagenolytic activity of human cathepsin L, which is closely related to cathepsin K. We show that, despite lacking proline specificity, cathepsin L efficiently cleaves type I collagen within the triple helix region and produces a cleavage pattern similar to that of cathepsin K. We demonstrate that both enzymes have similar affinities for type I collagen and are able to release proteolytic fragments from insoluble collagen. Moreover, cathepsin K is only approximately fourfold more potent than cathepsin L in releasing fragments from reconstituted fibrils of FITC ‐labeled collagen. Replacing active site residues of cathepsin L with those from cathepsin K introduces cathepsin K–like specificity towards synthetic substrates and increases the collagenolytic activity of cathepsin L. Replacing three residues in the S2 subsite is sufficient to produce a mutant with collagenolytic activity on par with human cathepsin K. These results provide a basis for engineering collagenolytic activity into non‐collagenolytic papain‐like scaffolds.