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Fractalkine promotes chemotaxis of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells towards ischemic brain lesions through Jak2 signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization
Author(s) -
Zhang Yuan,
Zheng Jian,
Zhou Zhujuan,
Zhou Huadong,
Wang Yanjiang,
Gong Zili,
Zhu Jie
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.13187
Subject(s) - chemotaxis , mesenchymal stem cell , cytoskeleton , microbiology and biotechnology , chemokine , bone marrow , stem cell , neuroscience , biology , inflammation , chemistry , immunology , cell , receptor , biochemistry , genetics
The fractalkine ( FKN )– CX 3 CR 1 ( FKN receptor) axis reportedly plays an important role in the progression of many neural pathologies. However, its role in the recruitment of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells for neurogenesis remains elusive. The chemokine‐based mechanism underlying the migration of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSC s) was investigated in a double‐chamber transmigration model with recombinant FKN and endogenous FKN extract, and the results confirmed the involvement of FKN in migration. This chemotactic response was CX 3 CR 1‐dependent and FKN ‐sensitive. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and transmigration assays revealed that the Janus kinase (Jak)2–signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5α–extracellular signal‐related kinase ( ERK )1/2 pathway was activated by FKN . Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to demonstrate cytoskeletal reorganization caused by remodeling of the surface receptor integrin α5β1, intracellular phosphorylation of Fak and Pax, and upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 during BMSC migration. Moreover, significant inhibition of signaling and migration was detected after treatment of cells with Jak2‐interfering RNA or the antagonist AG 490. In addition, the results of a fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis of an in vivo chemotactic model, developed via transplantation of BMSC s into transient middle cerebral artery‐occluded rats, were consistent with the in vitro results. These findings suggest that FKN activates Jak2–Stat5α– ERK 1/2 signaling through CX 3 CR 1, thereby triggering integrin‐dependent machinery reorganization to allow chemotactic migration of BMSC s towards an ischemic cerebral lesion.