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The alteration of the C‐terminal region of human frataxin distorts its structural dynamics and function
Author(s) -
Faraj Santiago E.,
Roman Ernesto A.,
Aran Martin,
Gallo Mariana,
Santos Javier
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.12869
Subject(s) - frataxin , proteostasis , biology , mutant , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , iron binding proteins , protein folding , proteolysis , genetics , biochemistry , gene , enzyme
Friedreich's ataxia ( FRDA ) is linked to a deficiency of frataxin ( FXN ), a mitochondrial protein involved in iron‐sulfur cluster synthesis. FXN is a small protein with an α/β fold followed by the C‐terminal region ( CTR ) with a nonperiodic structure that packs against the protein core. In the present study, we explored the impact of the alteration of the CTR on the stability and dynamics of FXN . We analyzed several pathological and rationally designed CTR mutants using complementary spectroscopic and biophysical approaches. The pathological mutation L198R yields a global destabilization of the structure correlating with a significant and highly localized alteration of dynamics, mainly involving residues that are in contact with L198 in wild‐type FXN . Variant FXN 90–195, which is closely related to the FRDA ‐associated mutant FXN 81–193, conserves a globular shape with a native‐like structure. However, the truncation of the CTR results in an extreme alteration of global stability and protein dynamics over a vast range of timescales and encompassing regions far from the CTR , as shown by proton–water exchange rates and 15 N‐relaxation measurements. Increased sensitivity to proteolysis, observed in vitro for both mutants, suggests a faster degradation rate in vivo , whereas the enhanced tendency to aggregate exhibited by the truncated variant may account for the loss of functional FXN , with both phenomena providing an explanation as to why the alteration of the CTR causes FRDA . These results contribute to understanding how stability and activity are linked to protein motions and they might be useful for the design of target‐specific ligands to control local protein motions for stability enhancement.