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Bifunctional ADP ‐dependent phosphofructokinase/glucokinase activity in the order M ethanococcales – biochemical characterization of the mesophilic enzyme from M ethanococcus maripaludis
Author(s) -
CastroFernandez Victor,
BravoMoraga Felipe,
HerreraMorande Alejandra,
Guixe Victoria
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/febs.12757
Subject(s) - phosphofructokinase 2 , biochemistry , glucokinase , phosphofructokinase , chemistry , fructose , enzyme , homotetramer , biology , glycolysis , protein subunit , gene
In some archaea, the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6‐phosphate (fructose 6 P ) is carried out by enzymes that are specific for either substrate and that use ADP as phosphoryl donor. In the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii , a bifunctional enzyme able to phosphorylate glucose and fructose 6 P has been described. To determine whether the ability to phosphorylate both glucose and fructose 6 P is a common feature for all enzymes of the order Methanococcales , we expressed, purified and characterized the unique homologous protein of the mesophilic archaea Methanococcus maripaludis . Assay of the enzyme activity with different sugars, metals and nucleotides allows us to conclude that the enzyme is able to phosphorylate both fructose 6 P and glucose in the presence of ADP and a divalent metal cation. Kinetic characterization of the enzyme revealed complex regulation by the free Mg 2+ concentration and AMP , with the latter appearing to be a key metabolite. To determine whether this enzyme could have a role in gluconeogenesis, we evaluated the reversibility of both reactions and found that glucokinase activity is reversible, whereas phosphofructokinase activity is not. To determine the important residues for glucose and fructose 6 P binding, we modeled the bifunctional phosphofructokinase/glucokinase enzyme from M. maripaludis and its interactions with both sugar substrates using protein–ligand docking. Comparison of the active site of the phosphofructokinase/glucokinase enzyme from M. maripaludis with the structural models constructed for all the homology sequences present in the order Methanococcales shows that all of the ADP ‐dependent kinases from this order would be able to phosphorylate glucose and fructose 6 P , which rules out the current annotation of these enzymes as specific phosphofructokinases. Database Model data are available in the Protein Model Data Base under accession numbers PM0079106 , PM0079107 , PM0079108 , PM0079109 , PM0079110 , PM0079111 , PM0079112 , PM0079113 , PM0079114 , PM0079115 and PM0079116