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Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2–Angiotensin 1‐7/1‐9 system: novel promising targets for heart failure treatment
Author(s) -
Kittaim
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
fundamental and clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.655
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1472-8206
pISSN - 0767-3981
DOI - 10.1111/fcp.12318
Subject(s) - angiotensin ii , heart failure , angiotensin converting enzyme , renin–angiotensin system , context (archaeology) , medicine , angiotensin receptor , angiotensin ii receptor type 1 , angiotensin converting enzyme 2 , fibrosis , endocrinology , enzyme , angiotensin iii , receptor , chemistry , biology , disease , blood pressure , biochemistry , paleontology , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Abstract Cardiac remodeling (cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) is a hallmark of heart failure ( HF ). It can be induced by the abnormal elevation of several endogenous factors including angiotensin II (Ang II ), which is generated from its precursor angiotensin I (Ang I ) by the action of angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme or the blockade of the Ang II receptors demonstrated a high clinical value against the progression of HF . Ang I and Ang II may also be converted into angiotensin 1‐7 (Ang 1‐7) and angiotensin 1‐9 (Ang 1‐9), respectively, by the action of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2. Both derivatives demonstrated a promising anticardiac remodeling activity especially against the detrimental effects of Ang II . This manuscript thoroughly reviews the available in vitro and in vivo data on Ang 1‐7 and Ang 1‐9 in the context of the treatment of HF and discusses the associated molecular mechanisms and the trials to clinically utilize Ang 1‐7 mimetics for the treatment of that disease.