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Impact and effects of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins derived from harmful algal blooms to marine fish
Author(s) -
Reis Costa Pedro
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
fish and fisheries
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.747
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1467-2979
pISSN - 1467-2960
DOI - 10.1111/faf.12105
Subject(s) - algal bloom , dinoflagellate , paralytic shellfish poisoning , biology , fish kill , shellfish poisoning , saxitoxin , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , context (archaeology) , marine toxin , fish mortality , predatory fish , kairomone , forage fish , predation , foraging , trophic level , shellfish , ecology , aquatic animal , toxin , phytoplankton , paleontology , biochemistry , nutrient
Fish are frequently exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins ( PST s) derived from harmful algal blooms ( HAB ). PST s are potent neurotoxins with strong effects on fish at multiple trophic levels. Here, we examine the historical and contemporary mass mortality events combining with the available data on response of fish to PST s' exposure. The data show that fish are negatively affected by these natural toxins on a recurring basis. Transient effects of PST s have also been observed in fish and although difficult to quantify, these sublethal effects can affect foraging and predation avoidance. Additionally, the spatiotemporal overlapping of fish spawning and HAB can also be critical for fish survival and fisheries recruitment. Exposure of fish in their early life stages to dissolved toxins in the water column has also been identified as a risk factor for fish survival. In the context of global climate change, where PST s are likely to become increasingly important, new insights and a synthesis of up‐to‐date information on fish response to PST s and the risk associated with toxic dinoflagellate blooms are presented.