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Decreased suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells by peripheral regulatory T cells in generalized vitiligo due to reduced NFATC1 and FOXP3 proteins
Author(s) -
Giri Prashant S.,
Dwivedi Mitesh,
Begum Rasheedunnisa
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.14157
Subject(s) - foxp3 , vitiligo , il 2 receptor , cd8 , medicine , endocrinology , regulatory t cell , immunology , chemistry , flow cytometry , t cell , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , immune system
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the suppression of activated T cells in generalized vitiligo (GV).The study was aimed to investigate Tregs functional defects in Treg:CD8 + and Treg:CD4 + T cells' co‐culture systems of 55 GV patients and 45 controls. CD8 + and CD4 + T‐cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU assay; production of IL‐10, TGF‐β and IFN‐γ cytokines was assessed by ELISA; and FOXP3, CD25, NFATC1 and CD44 proteins were measured by flow cytometry. Generalized vitiligo patients showed reduced suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells ( P = .0384, P = .0084), increased IFN‐γ ( P < .0001, P = .0019), decreased IL‐10 and TGF‐β ( P < .0001) and decreased FOXP3, CD25 and NFATC1 proteins ( P < .0001). Active vitiligo (AV) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8 + & CD4 + T cells ( P = .006, P = .015), increased IFN‐γ ( P = .036, P = .045), decreased IL‐10 ( P = .009, P = .021), FOXP3 ( P = .0244) and NFATC1 ( P = .019). Severe GV (50%‐75% VASI) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells ( P = .0003, P = .001), increased IFN‐γ ( P = .0029, P < .0001), decreased IL‐10 ( P = .0057, P = .0017), FOXP3 ( P = .002) and NFATC1 ( P = .0347). VASI score was positively correlated with the suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells ( P = .0006, P < .0001), IL‐10 ( P = .0096, P = .029), FOXP3 ( P = .0008) and NFATC1 ( P = .043), whereas it was negatively correlated with IFN‐γ ( P = .0029, P = .0017). Early age of onset patients' Tregs demonstrated decreased suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells ( P = .0156, P = .0074), decreased TGF‐β ( P = .0212, P = .0083) and NFATC1 ( P = .0103). NFATC1 was positively correlated with FOXP3 in Tregs ( P < .0001). Our results suggest impaired Tregs suppressive function in GV patients due to decreased NFATC1, FOXP3, CD25, IL‐10 and TGF‐β resulting into increased CD8 + and CD4 + T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production. For the first time, decreased NFATC1 levels were correlated with decreased FOXP3, thereby altering Treg cell function in GV patients. Additionally, decreased Treg cell function also affected onset, activity and severity of GV.