The complex role of mast cells in fungal infections

In addition to their critical role in allergic disorders, mast cells ( MC s) are well recognized for their protective effector functions during bacteria and parasite infections. This review describes recent advancements of our understanding of the complex role of MC s in fungal infections. Specifically, we outline key features of the contribution of MC s to infections with six fungal pathogens, namely Sporothrix , Paracoccidioides , Aspergillus , Malassezia , Candida and Dermatophytes . Evidence from studies of these pathogens suggests that MC s can function as positive regulators that detect and contain fungi at the site of infection. However, it appears that the inflammation induced by MC s following fungal infections may not always and only be beneficial to the host. MC responses during fungal infections may primarily benefit the pathogen by facilitating its spreading and contributing to a greater severity of fungal infections. This review also highlights key drivers of MC s activation and effector mechanisms that have been identified for the multidimensional function of MC s in fungal diseases and in allergic diseases combined with fungal infection.