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Tissue microenvironment initiates an immune response to structural components of Staphylococcus aureus
Author(s) -
Mainzer Carine,
Packard Thomas,
Bordes Sylvie,
Closs Brigitte,
Greene Warner C.,
Elias Peter M.,
Uchida Yoshikazu
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.13864
Subject(s) - immune system , staphylococcus aureus , cd86 , monocyte , biology , cytokine , dendritic cell , chemokine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , immunology , flow cytometry , microbiology and biotechnology , t cell , genetics , bacteria
Cell‐to‐cell communication in skin participates to the maintenance of homeostatic responses to foreign substances. Certain strains of Staphylococcus (S) aureus are vicious pathogens that cause deleterious effects in host cells and tissues. Both secreted toxins and structural components of S. aureus trigger an immune response, though how S. aureus stimulates host immune responses is poorly understood. We explored here how keratinocytes and fibroblasts initiate the first steps of an immune response by activating dendritic cells ( DC s) through recognition of structural components of S. aureus . We treated monocyte‐derived Langerhans cells (mo LC s) and monocyte‐derived DC s (mo DC s) with conditioned media from keratinocytes (K‐ CM ) and fibroblasts (F‐ CM ) treated with heat‐killed S. aureus ( HKSA ) respectively, or directly with HKSA . Immune and inflammatory responses from keratinocytes, fibroblasts, mo LC s and mo DC s were assessed by analysis of cell surface markers and cytokine production using flow cytometry, real‐time PCR and ELISA assays. K‐ CM and F‐ CM increased the expression of CD 86 and HLA ‐ DR on mo LC s and mo DC s, in association with a specific cytokine profile. K‐ CM upregulated TNFA , IL ‐1B and GM ‐ CSF mRNA expression in mo LC s, while F‐ CM upregulated IL ‐12 and downregulated TNFA and TGFB mRNA expression in mo DC s. Additionally, F‐ CM attenuated the induction of an inflammatory profile in monocytes. The recognition of structural components from S. aureus by cutaneous microenvironment induces the activation and the expression of specific cytokines from LC s and DC s.