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Orf virus infection of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts: Limited virus detection and interference with intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 up‐regulation
Author(s) -
Schneider Laura E.,
Protschka Martina,
Müller Uwe,
Muhsen Mahmod,
Magin Thomas M.,
Anderegg Ulf,
Saalbach Anja,
Büttner Mathias,
Alber Gottfried,
Siegemund Sabine
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.13861
Subject(s) - virology , biology , virus , microbiology and biotechnology , interferon , viral replication
Orf virus (Parapoxvirus ovis, ORFV ) is a dermatotropic virus causing pustular dermatitis in small ruminants and humans. We analysed isolated human primary keratinocytes ( KC ) and dermal fibroblasts ( FB ) for cell death and virus replication by infection with a patient‐derived ORFV isolate. ORFV infection was associated with rapid induction of cell death in KC allowing for considerable virus removal. Upon infection with ORFV , KC and FB harboured intracytoplasmic ORFV and showed viral protein presence; however, missing virus spread indicated an abortive infection. Upon ORFV exposure, KC but not FB secreted the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin ( IL )‐6. ORFV infection enhanced the frequency of KC expressing intercellular adhesion molecule ( ICAM )‐1 which was independent of IL ‐6. Interestingly, ORFV inhibited ICAM ‐1 up‐regulation on infected but not on non‐infected KC . Even interferon‐γ, a potent inducer of ICAM ‐1, up‐regulated ICAM ‐1 only on non‐infected KC . Transfer of ORFV ‐free supernatant from infected to non‐infected KC induced ICAM ‐1 on non‐infected KC pointing to the involvement of soluble mediator(s). Similarly as in KC , in FB interference with ICAM ‐1 up‐regulation by ORFV infection was also observed. In conclusion, we shed light on epidermal and dermal defense mechanisms to ORFV infection and point to a novel ICAM ‐1‐related immune evasion mechanism of ORFV in human skin.