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Environment‐induced lentigines: formation of solar lentigines beyond ultraviolet radiation
Author(s) -
Nakamura Motoki,
Morita Akimichi,
Seité Sophie,
HaarmannStemmann Thomas,
GretherBeck Susanne,
Krutmann Jean
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.12690
Subject(s) - ultraviolet radiation , lentigo , aryl hydrocarbon receptor , human skin , dermatology , biology , melanoma , medicine , cancer research , chemistry , genetics , gene , transcription factor , radiochemistry
There is no doubt that ultraviolet radiation ( UVR ) contributes to the generation of acquired lentigines in human skin, as indicated by the term solar lentigo. A growing number of recent epidemiological and mechanistic studies, however, strongly suggest that in addition to UVR , other environmental factors contribute to lentigines’ formation as well. We therefore here introduce the term ‘environment‐induced lentigo’ ( EIL ) to refer to acquired pigment spots of human skin. In this view point, we (i) summarize the existing evidence to support a role of environmental toxicants other than UVR in the pathogenesis of EIL s, (ii) we argue that activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) signalling by UVR and environmental toxicants is critically involved in triggering and sustaining a crosstalk between melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, which then causes the development and persistence of EIL s in human skin, and (iii) we discuss clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of EIL s resulting from this concept.