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Absence of CD 4 or CD 8 lymphocytes changes infiltration of inflammatory cells and profiles of cytokine expression in skin wounds, but does not impair healing
Author(s) -
Chen Lin,
Mehta Nisha D.,
Zhao Yan,
DiPietro Luisa A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.12346
Subject(s) - wound healing , inflammation , infiltration (hvac) , cytokine , immunology , chemistry , angiogenesis , tumor necrosis factor alpha , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , cancer research , physics , thermodynamics
The involvement of lymphocytes in skin wound healing has not been studied extensively. This study shows that CD 4 and CD 8 cells are present in significant numbers in skin wounds with peak levels at days 5–10 and 7–10, respectively. Both subsets expressed inflammatory and/or regulatory cytokines. To examine the function of CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes in tissue repair, wound healing was examined in mice deficient for either CD 4 or CD 8 cells. Wounds in CD 4 deficient mice exhibited an initial delayed infiltration of CD 8 cells followed by a relative increase in CD 8 cells at day 10 and thereafter. Wounds in CD 4 deficient mice also displayed up‐regulated expression of IL 1 β , IL ‐6, IL ‐17, IFN ‐ γ , CXCL ‐1 and down‐regulated expression of IL ‐4 as compared to wild‐type mice. In contrast, wounds in CD 8 deficient mice showed significantly decreased infiltration of CD 4+ cells, neutrophils, and macrophages along with down‐regulated expression of IL 1 β , IL ‐6, TNF ‐ α , CXCL ‐1, CCL ‐2 and up‐regulated expression of IL ‐4 as compared to wild‐type mice. Despite these significant changes in cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltrate, the rate of wound closure, wound breaking strength, collagen content and angiogenesis in either CD 4 or CD 8 deficiency showed no significant difference from that of wild‐type mice. The results suggest that, despite being present and involved in wound inflammation, neither CD 4+ nor CD 8+ cells play critical roles in the healing process of skin wounds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these cells might play critical roles in wounds that experience stress such as ischemia or infection.