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There is a world beyond protein mutations: the role of non‐coding RNA s in melanomagenesis
Author(s) -
Swoboda Rolf K.,
Herlyn Meenhard
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/exd.12117
Subject(s) - carcinogenesis , microrna , biology , melanoma , gene , cancer research , long non coding rna , genetics , computational biology , coding region , rna
Until recently, the general perception has been that mutations in protein‐coding genes are responsible for tumorigenesis. With the discovery of V600E BRAF in about 50% of cutaneous melanomas, there was an increased effort to find additional mutations. However, mutations characterized in melanoma to date cannot account for the development of all melanomas. With the discovery of micro RNA s as important players in melanomagenesis, protein mutations are no longer considered the sole drivers of tumors. Recent research findings have expanded the view for tumor initiation and progression to additional non‐coding RNA s. The data suggest that tumorigenesis is likely an interplay between mutated proteins and deregulation of non‐coding RNA s in the cell with an additional role of the tumor environment. With the exception of micro RNA s, our knowledge of the role of non‐coding RNA s in melanoma is in its infancy. Using few examples, we will summarize some of the roles of non‐coding RNA s in tumorigenesis. Thus, there is a whole world beyond protein‐coding sequences and micro RNA s, which can cause melanoma.