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Phage resistance evolution in vitro is not reflective of in vivo outcome in a plant‐bacteria‐phage system *
Author(s) -
Hernandez Catherine A.,
Koskella Britt
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/evo.13833
Subject(s) - biology , lytic cycle , context (archaeology) , pseudomonas syringae , bacteria , abiotic component , resistance (ecology) , experimental evolution , bacteriophage , coevolution , phage therapy , host (biology) , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , virus , ecology , gene , escherichia coli , paleontology
The evolution of resistance to parasites is fundamentally important to disease ecology, yet we remain unable to predict when and how resistance will evolve. This is largely due to the context‐dependent nature of host‐parasite interactions, as the benefit of resistance will depend on the abiotic and biotic environment. Through experimental evolution of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and two lytic bacteriophages across two different environments (high‐nutrient media and the tomato leaf apoplast), we demonstrate that de novo evolution of resistance is negligible in planta despite high levels of resistance evolution in vitro . We find no evidence supporting the evolution of phage‐selected resistance in planta despite multiple passaging experiments, multiple assays for resistance, and high multiplicities of infection. Additionally, we find that phage‐resistant mutants (evolved in vitro ) did not realize a fitness benefit over phage‐sensitive cells when grown in planta in the presence of phage, despite reduced growth of sensitive cells, evidence of phage replication in planta , and a large fitness benefit in the presence of phage observed in vitro . Thus, this context‐dependent benefit of phage resistance led to different evolutionary outcomes across environments. These results underscore the importance of studying the evolution of parasite resistance in ecologically relevant environments.