Premium
Linking macrotrends and microrates: Re‐evaluating microevolutionary support for Cope's rule
Author(s) -
Gotanda Kiyoko M.,
Correa Cristián,
Turcotte Martin M.,
Rolshausen Gregor,
Hendry Andrew P.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/evo.12653
Subject(s) - biology , selection (genetic algorithm) , evolutionary biology , bergmann's rule , macroevolution , corollary , fossil record , ecology , genetics , phylogenetics , computer science , mathematics , artificial intelligence , geodesy , gene , geography , pure mathematics , latitude
Cope's rule, wherein a lineage increases in body size through time, was originally motivated by macroevolutionary patterns observed in the fossil record. More recently, some authors have argued that evidence exists for generally positive selection on individual body size in contemporary populations, providing a microevolutionary mechanism for Cope's rule. If larger body size confers individual fitness advantages as the selection estimates suggest, thereby explaining Cope's rule, then body size should increase over microevolutionary time scales. We test this corollary by assembling a large database of studies reporting changes in phenotypic body size through time in contemporary populations, as well as studies reporting average breeding values for body size through time. Trends in body size were quite variable with an absence of any general trend, and many populations trended toward smaller body sizes. Although selection estimates can be interpreted to support Cope's rule, our results suggest that actual rates of phenotypic change for body size cannot. We discuss potential reasons for this discrepancy and its implications for the understanding of Cope's rule.