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Three dimensional ultra‐high‐density electro‐anatomical cardiac mapping in horses: methodology
Author(s) -
Van Steenkiste Glenn,
De Clercq Dominique,
Boussy Tim,
Vera Lisse,
Schauvliege Stijn,
Decloedt Annelies,
van Loon Gunther
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/evj.13229
Subject(s) - sinus rhythm , horse , electrophysiology , atrial fibrillation , biomedical engineering , catheter , medicine , normal sinus rhythm , computer science , cardiology , radiology , biology , paleontology
Background Ultra‐high‐density cardiac mapping allows very accurate characterisation of atrial and ventricular electrophysiology and activation timing. Objective To describe the technique and evaluate the feasibility of magnetic electro‐anatomical mapping of the equine heart. Study design In vivo experimental method development. Methods A mapping system using an 8.5F bidirectional deflectable catheter with a deployable mini‐basket (3–22 mm) containing 64 electrodes divided over eight splines was evaluated. Based upon predefined beat acceptance criteria, the system automatically acquires endocardial electrograms and catheter location information. Electro‐anatomical maps were acquired from four horses in sinus rhythm under general anaesthesia. Results All endocardial areas within each chamber could be reached. Access to the left atrium required the use of a deflectable sheath. With the exception of the left atrial map of horse 1, all four chambers in all four horses could be mapped. Optimisation of the beat acceptance criteria led to a reduction in manual correction of the automatically accepted beats from 13.1% in the first horse to 0.4% of the beats in the last horse. Main limitations Only a limited number of horses were included in the study. Conclusion Ultra‐high‐density 3D electro‐anatomical mapping is feasible in adult horses and is a promising tool for electrophysiological research and characterisation of complex arrhythmias.