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Pulmonary pharmacokinetics of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide after nebulisation or intramuscular administration of ceftiofur sodium to weanling foals
Author(s) -
Fultz L.,
Giguère S.,
Berghaus L. J.,
Grover G. S.,
Merritt D. A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/evj.12316
Subject(s) - ceftiofur , bronchoalveolar lavage , medicine , pharmacokinetics , horse , pharmacology , sodium , anesthesia , chemistry , lung , antibiotics , cephalosporin , paleontology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , biology
Summary Reasons for performing study Administration of ceftiofur sodium via nebulisation has been recommended for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in horses, despite the lack of pharmacokinetic and safety data. Objectives To compare concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide ( DCA ) in plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid ( PELF ) of foals after nebulisation or i.m. administration of ceftiofur sodium and to determine if nebulisation of ceftiofur sodium induces airway inflammation. Study design Randomised experimental study. Methods Six weanling foals received ceftiofur sodium (2.2 mg/kg bwt daily for 5 doses) by the i.m. route and 6 foals received the same dose by nebulisation. Concentrations of DCA in plasma and PELF were measured after Doses 1 and 5, and differential cell counts were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained after Dose 5. Results Foals receiving ceftiofur sodium via nebulisation had significantly lower peak concentrations (0.15 ± 0.12 vs. 6.15 ± 0.75 mg/l) and area under the curve (1.26 ± 0.96 vs. 37.63 ± 4.01 mg●h/l) in plasma compared with those receiving the drug by the i.m. route. In contrast, foals receiving ceftiofur sodium via nebulisation had significantly higher peak concentrations (4.52 ± 2.91 vs. 0.73 ± 0.73 mg/l) and area under the curve (24.14 ± 14.09 vs. 5.91 ± 3.28 mg●h/l) in PELF compared with those receiving the drug by the i.m. route. Cell concentration and differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of foals nebulised with ceftiofur sodium were not significantly different from those of foals nebulised with saline. Conclusions Administration of ceftiofur sodium via nebulisation is well tolerated and DCA concentrations in PELF remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug required to inhibit the growth of 90% of S treptococcus zooepidemicus for approximately 24 h after administration. Nebulised ceftiofur sodium warrants further investigation for the treatment of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract in horses.