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Expression of p53, K i67, EcPV 2‐ and EcPV 3 DNA , and viral genes in relation to metastasis and outcome in equine penile and preputial squamous cell carcinoma
Author(s) -
Top J. G. B.,
Harkema L.,
Lange C.,
Ensink J. M.,
Lest C. H. A.,
Barneveld A.,
Weeren P. R.,
Gröne A.,
Martens A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/evj.12245
Subject(s) - preputial gland , metastasis , foreskin , real time polymerase chain reaction , papilloma , penile cancer , biology , pathology , gene , cancer research , medicine , cancer , cell culture , biochemistry , genetics
Summary Reasons for performing study Equine penile and preputial squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) is a potentially lethal disease of which little is known regarding the relationship between tumour characteristics and prognosis. Objectives To assess the relationship between tumour differentiation grade (tumour subtype), presence of papillomaviruses, expression of viral genes ( E 2, E 6, L 1), nuclear proteins p53 and K i67 and metastasis in equine penile and preputial SCC and to assess the relationship of tumour subtype, presence of papillomavirus type 2 , p53 and K i67 with survival.Study design Retrospective case–control study using archived material. Methods Samples (n = 103) from 87 horses with penile and/or preputial intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN ), papilloma or SCC and corresponding case files were evaluated. Tumours were graded microscopically and p53 and K i67 expression evaluated immunohistochemically. Equine papillomavirus ( EcPV ) types 2 and 3 DNA was detected by conventional PCR . Real‐time PCR was used for quantification of E 2, E 6 and L 1 mRNA . Results Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was detected in 89.4% and EcPV 3 in 1.5% of horses. No differences in quantitative expression of E 2, E 6 and L 1 oncogenes between subtypes were found. Expression of p53 and occurrence of metastasis were positively correlated to a less differentiated subtype (r = 0.429, P<0.001 and r = 0.769, P = 0.001, respectively). Differences in survival between subtypes were significant (log Rank P<0.001); horses with less differentiated tumours were more likely to die of the disease (papilloma 8.3%; G 1 26.1%; G 2 26.3%; G 3 63.3%). Conclusions I n equine penile and preputial SCC , tumour grading is an important prognosticator for survival and a predictor for presence of metastases. Expression of p53 and K i67 and presence or expression of EcPV 2 and EcPV 3 do not appear to be important prognosticators.