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Infectious risk factors and clinical indicators for tracheal mucus in B ritish N ational H unt racehorses
Author(s) -
Cardwell J. M.,
Smith K. C.,
Wood J. L. N.,
Newton J. R.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/evj.12109
Subject(s) - mucus , odds ratio , medicine , confidence interval , prospective cohort study , immunology , gastroenterology , biology , ecology
Summary Reasons for performing study Many studies of respiratory disease in racehorses have focused on a combination of increased tracheal mucus and airway neutrophilia. Examination of each component separately should provide further insight into this condition. Objectives To identify infectious risk factors for endoscopically visible tracheal mucus in N ational H unt racehorses. Study design A 2 year prospective longitudinal study. Methods Monthly quantitative bacteriological examinations of tracheal wash samples and viral serological examinations were conducted. Risk factors for ‘small amounts of mucus’ (mucus score = 1/3) and ‘increased mucus’ (score ≥2/3) were identified. Results There were increased odds of small amounts of mucus when both S treptococcus zooepidemicus and nonhaemolytic streptococci ( NHS ) were isolated (odds ratio [ OR] 2.6; 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.5–4.6; P<0.001) but not when either species was isolated in the absence of the other. Increased odds of increased mucus were associated with the isolation of either S . zooepidemicus ( OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.2–25.9; P = 0.03) or NHS ( OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.2–11.6; P = 0.02), with an increased effect when both were isolated together ( OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.7–41.6; P<0.001). Approximately 6‐fold increased odds of small amounts of mucus were associated with the first 3 months in training ( OR 6.3; 95% CI 2.0–19.4; P<0.001) and 3‐fold increased odds of increased mucus associated with the first 6 months in training ( OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.3–6.4; P = 0.01). Coughing at exercise and increased serous nasal discharge were specific but insensitive indicators of increased mucus. Conclusions Associations with S . zooepidemicus corroborate previous research, but an independent effect of NHS has not previously been reported. The possibility that there are individual pathogenic species within this group should be considered. Further work is required to identify S . zooepidemicus subtypes and NHS species associated with disease. Closer monitoring of the respiratory health of horses entering training for the first time is likely to be valuable.