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Early‐life epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: A prospective multicenter study
Author(s) -
Shellhaas Renée A.,
Wusthoff Courtney J.,
Numis Adam L.,
Chu Catherine J.,
Massey Shavonne L.,
Abend Nicholas S.,
Soul Janet S.,
Chang Taeun,
Lemmon Monica E.,
Thomas Cameron,
McNamara Nancy A.,
Guillet Ronnie,
Franck Linda S.,
Sturza Julie,
McCulloch Charles E.,
Glass Hannah C.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
epilepsia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.687
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1528-1167
pISSN - 0013-9580
DOI - 10.1111/epi.16978
Subject(s) - epilepsy , medicine , neonatal seizure , pediatrics , electroencephalography , hazard ratio , population , epileptogenesis , prospective cohort study , incidence (geometry) , generalized epilepsy , seizure types , anesthesia , psychiatry , confidence interval , physics , environmental health , optics
Objective We aimed to evaluate early‐life epilepsy incidence, seizure types, severity, risk factors, and treatments among survivors of acute neonatal seizures. Methods Neonates with acute symptomatic seizures born 7/2015‐3/2018 were prospectively enrolled at nine Neonatal Seizure Registry sites. One‐hour EEG was recorded at age three months. Post‐neonatal epilepsy and functional development (Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills – WIDEA‐FS) were assessed. Cox regression was used to assess epilepsy‐free survival. Results Among 282 infants, 37 (13%) had post‐neonatal epilepsy by 24‐months [median age of onset 7‐months (IQR 3–14)]. Among those with post‐neonatal epilepsy, 13/37 (35%) had infantile spasms and 12/37 (32%) had drug‐resistant epilepsy. Most children with post‐neonatal epilepsy had abnormal neurodevelopment at 24‐months (WIDEA‐FS >2SD below normal population mean for 81% of children with epilepsy vs 27% without epilepsy, RR 7.9, 95% CI 3.6–17.3). Infants with severely abnormal neonatal EEG background patterns were more likely to develop epilepsy than those with mild/moderate abnormalities (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9–5.9). Neonatal EEG with ≥3 days of seizures also predicted hazard of epilepsy (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.9). In an adjusted model, days of neonatal EEG‐confirmed seizures (HR 1.4 per day, 95% CI 1.2–1.6) and abnormal discharge examination (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.9–7.8) were independently associated with time to epilepsy onset. Abnormal (vs. normal) three‐month EEG was not associated with epilepsy. Significance In this multicenter study, only 13% of infants with acute symptomatic neonatal seizures developed post‐neonatal epilepsy by age 24‐months. However, there was a high risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment and drug‐resistant seizures among children with post‐neonatal epilepsy. Days of EEG‐confirmed neonatal seizures was a potentially modifiable epilepsy risk factor. An EEG at three months was not clinically useful for predicting epilepsy. These practice changing findings have implications for family counseling, clinical follow‐up planning, and future research to prevent post‐neonatal epilepsy.