Involvement of micro RNA s in epileptogenesis

Summary Patients who have sustained brain injury or had developmental brain lesions present a non‐negligible risk for developing delayed epilepsy. Finding therapeutic strategies to prevent development of epilepsy in at‐risk patients represents a crucial medical challenge. Noncoding micro RNA molecules (mi RNA s) are promising candidates in this area. Indeed, deregulation of diverse brain‐specific mi RNA s has been observed in animal models of epilepsy as well as in patients with epilepsy, mostly in temporal lobe epilepsy ( TLE ). Herein we review deregulated mi RNA s reported in epilepsy with potential roles in key molecular and cellular processes underlying epileptogenesis, namely neuroinflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and synaptic remodeling. We provide an up‐to‐date listing of mi RNA s altered in epileptogenesis and assess recent functional studies that have interrogated their role in epilepsy. Last, we discuss potential applications of these findings for the future development of disease‐modifying therapeutic strategies for antiepileptogenesis.