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Simultaneous EEG and f MRI recordings ( EEG ‐ fMRI ) in children with epilepsy
Author(s) -
Moeller Friederike,
Stephani Ulrich,
Siniatchkin Michael
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
epilepsia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.687
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1528-1167
pISSN - 0013-9580
DOI - 10.1111/epi.12197
Subject(s) - eeg fmri , electroencephalography , epilepsy , ictal , neuroscience , epilepsy syndromes , psychology , functional magnetic resonance imaging , magnetic resonance imaging , medicine , audiology , radiology
Summary By combining electroencephalography ( EEG ) with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) it is possible to describe blood oxygenation level–dependent ( BOLD ) signal changes related to EEG patterns. This way, EEG ‐pattern–associated networks of hemodynamic changes can be detected anywhere in the brain with good spatial resolution. This review summarizes EEG ‐ fMRI studies that have been performed in children with epilepsy. EEG ‐ fMRI studies in focal epilepsy (structural and nonlesional cases, benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes), generalized epilepsy (especially absence epilepsy), and epileptic encephalopathies ( W est syndrome, L ennox‐ G astaut syndrome, continuous spike and waves during slow sleep, and D ravet syndrome) are presented. Although EEG ‐ fMRI was applied mainly to localize the region presumably generating focal interictal discharges in focal epilepsies, EEG ‐ fMRI identified underlying networks in patients with generalized epilepsies and thereby contributed to a better understanding of these epilepsies. In epileptic encephalopathies a specific fingerprint of hemodynamic changes associated with the particular syndrome was detected. The value of the EEG ‐ fMRI technique for diagnosis and investigation of pathogenetic mechanisms of different forms of epilepsy is discussed.