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Sodium‐chloride‐induced effects on the expression profile of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts with focus on simulated orthodontic tooth movement
Author(s) -
Schröder Agnes,
Nazet Ute,
Neubert Patrick,
Jantsch Jonathan,
Spanier Gerrit,
Proff Peter,
Kirschneck Christian
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/eos.12643
Subject(s) - periodontal fiber , osteoprotegerin , chemistry , rankl , downregulation and upregulation , medicine , periodontitis , prostaglandin e2 , microbiology and biotechnology , extracellular matrix , endocrinology , dentistry , receptor , activator (genetics) , biochemistry , biology , gene
Increased salt (NaCl) consumption triggers chronic diseases such as hypertension or osteopenia. Its impact on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis, however, has not been investigated, although both processes are related to the immune system, with periodontal ligament fibroblasts ( PDLF s) playing a key mediating role. Here, we investigated the impact of NaCl on the expression pattern of PDLF s in a model of simulated compressive orthodontic strain. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were preincubated for 24 h with additional 0 or 40 mM NaCl and concurrently treated for another 48 h with or without compressive strain of 2 g cm −2 . We analyzed the expression of genes and proteins involved in orthodontic tooth movement by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ qPCR ), ELISA , and immunoblot. Co‐culture experiments were performed to observe PDLF ‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A higher (40 mM ) concentration of NaCl in the culture medium resulted in increased secretion of prostaglandin, expression of alkaline phosphatase, and expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, but decreased compression‐induced expression of the interleukin‐6 ( IL 6 ) gene. The 40 mM concentration of NaCl also enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand ( RANKL ) but reduced that of osteoprotegerin ( OPG ), resulting in upregulated PDLF ‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A high NaCl concentration in the periodontal ligament, corresponding to a high‐salt diet in vivo, may influence orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis through increased secretion of prostaglandins by PDLF s and upregulated PDLF ‐mediated osteoclastogenesis, possibly accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and propagating periodontitis and periodontal bone loss.