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Effects of three γ ‐alkylidene‐ γ ‐lactams on the formation of multispecies biofilms
Author(s) -
Almeida Josiane,
Pimenta Andrea L.,
Pereira Ulisses A.,
Barbosa Luiz C. A.,
Hoogenkamp Michel A.,
Waal Suzette V.,
Crielaard Wim,
Felippe Wilson T.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/eos.12411
Subject(s) - biofilm , crystal violet , enterococcus faecalis , microbiology and biotechnology , polysaccharide , chemistry , extracellular , streptococcus mutans , extracellular polymeric substance , staining , dimethyl sulfoxide , bacteria , streptococcaceae , agar , extracellular polysaccharide , food science , biology , biochemistry , escherichia coli , antibiotics , gene , organic chemistry , genetics
This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of lactams on Streptococcus mutans , Enterococcus faecalis , and Candida glabrata multispecies biofilm formation. γ ‐Alkylidene‐ γ ‐lactams 1, 2, and 3 [solubilized in 3.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] were tested. Glass coverslips were conditioned with either the lactams or 3.5% DMSO (control) for 1 h, inoculated with microbial cultures, and incubated for 48 h. To assess the effect of the lactams on biofilm formation, the following parameters were determined: the biofilm biomass (by both crystal violet staining and protein determination); the amount of insoluble polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix; and the number of viable and total cells [by both colony‐forming unit counting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR)]. Data were analysed using one‐way anova and post‐hoc Tukey tests. Lactams 1, 2, and 3 promoted a statistically significant reduction in the amount of biofilm biomass, but only lactam 3 resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of attached viable E. faecalis . Both total protein content and the amount of extracellular polysaccharides decreased significantly. The effects of γ ‐alkylidene‐ γ ‐lactams 1, 2, and 3 on the inhibition of multispecies biofilm formation were evident by their ability to reduce the amount of protein and extracellular polysaccharides.