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Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals
Author(s) -
Rijkschroeff Patrick,
Loos Bruno G.,
Nicu Elena A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/eos.12367
Subject(s) - edentulism , saliva , flow cytometry , stimulation , reactive oxygen species , medicine , fusobacterium nucleatum , immunology , dentistry , chemistry , oral health , biochemistry , periodontitis , porphyromonas gingivalis
Oral health is characterized by functional oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( oPMN s). Edentulism might be associated with a loss of oPMN s because these cells enter the oral cavity primarily through the gingival crevices. The main aim of this study was to investigate the numbers of oPMN s in rinse samples obtained from edentulous ( n = 21) and dentate ( n = 20) subjects. A second study aim was to investigate possible differences between oPMN s and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( cPMN s). Apoptosis/necrosis and cell‐activation markers ( CD 11b, CD 63 and CD 66b) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production was determined either without stimulation (constitutive) or in response to 10 μ M phorbol myristate acetate or Fusobacterium nucleatum . The edentulous subjects presented with lower oPMN counts and higher percentages of apoptotic/necrotic oPMN s compared with dentate subjects. Furthermore, oPMN s from edentulous donors expressed low levels of all three activation markers and low constitutive ROS . In contrast, oPMN s from dentate subjects expressed high levels of all three activation markers and a higher level of constitutive ROS than cPMN s. When challenged, oPMN s from edentulous subjects showed no upregulation in ROS production, whereas oPMN s from dentate subjects retained their ability to respond to stimulation. The functional characteristics of cPMN s were comparable between edentulous and dentate subjects. This study demonstrates that despite having functional cPMN s, edentulous subjects have low oPMN numbers that are functionally impaired.