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Analyses of peripheral blood dendritic cells and magnetic resonance spectroscopy support dysfunctional neuro‐immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome
Author(s) -
Sarchioto Marianna,
Howe Franklyn,
Dumitriu Ingrid E.,
Morgante Francesca,
Stern Jeremy,
Edwards Mark J.,
Martino Davide
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
european journal of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1468-1331
pISSN - 1351-5101
DOI - 10.1111/ene.14837
Subject(s) - immune system , medicine , proinflammatory cytokine , immunology , inflammation
Background Evidence supports that neurodevelopmental diseases, such as Tourette syndrome (TS), may involve dysfunctional neural‐immune crosstalk. This could lead to altered brain maturation and differences in immune and stress responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in immunity as professional antigen‐presenting cells; changes in their frequency have been observed in several autoimmune conditions. Methods In 18 TS patients (15 on stable pharmacological treatment, three unmedicated) and 18 age‐matched healthy volunteers (HVs), we explored circulating blood‐derived DCs and their relationship with clinical variables and brain metabolites, measured via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS). DC subsets, including plasmacytoid and myeloid type 1 and 2 dendritic cells (MDC1, MDC2), were studied with flow cytometry. 1H‐MRS was used to measure total choline, glutamate plus glutamine, total creatine (tCr), and total N‐acetylaspartate and N‐acetylaspartyl‐glutamate levels in frontal white matter (FWM) and the putamen. Results We did not observe differences in absolute concentrations of DC subsets or brain inflammatory metabolites between patients and HVs. However, TS patients manifesting anxiety showed a significant increase in MDC1s compared to TS patients without anxiety ( p = 0.01). We also found a strong negative correlation between MDC1 frequency and tCr in the FWM of patients with TS ( p = 0.0015), but not of HVs. Conclusion Elevated frequencies of the MDC1 subset in TS patients manifesting anxiety may reflect a proinflammatory status, potentially facilitating altered neuro‐immune crosstalk. Furthermore, the strong inverse correlation between brain tCr levels and MDC1 subset frequency in TS patients suggests a potential association between proinflammatory status and metabolic changes in sensitive brain regions.