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Vitamin D and white matter hyperintensities: results of the population‐based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 1000BRAINS
Author(s) -
Schramm Sara,
Schliephake Lea,
Himpfen Heiko,
Caspers Svenja,
Erbel Raimund,
Jöckel KarlHeinz,
Moebus Susanne
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
european journal of neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.881
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1468-1331
pISSN - 1351-5101
DOI - 10.1111/ene.14810
Subject(s) - medicine , cardiology , hyperintensity , odds ratio , population , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , environmental health
Background and purpose Cross‐sectional studies showed an inverse association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) whereas the few longitudinal studies did not. The association between baseline 25OHD and WMHs at 10‐year follow‐up in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study plus 1000BRAINS was investigated. Methods Data of 505 participants (49% women, 56.2 ± 6.6 years) with 25OHD at baseline (2000–2003) and WMH volume and grade of WMHs using the Fazekas classification at 10‐year follow‐up were analysed. The association between deseasonalized 25OHD and the base‐10 logarithm of WMH volume was evaluated by multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. β‐estimators were transformed back (10 β ). Using multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between deseasonalized 25OHD and Fazekas grades (0, absence and 1, punctate foci vs. 2, beginning and 3, large confluence). Results Mean 25OHD was 17.0 ± 8.2 ng/ml, and mean deseasonalized 25OHD was 16.9 ± 7.5 ng/ml. Mean WMH volume was 16.6 ± 17.4 ml, range 1–132 ml. Most grade 2–3 WMHs were found to be periventricular (39% of the participants), parietal (32%) and frontal (31%) (temporal 6%, occipital 3%). The linear regression showed an inverse association between 25OHD and WMH volume. On average, a 25OHD increase of 1 ng/ml was associated with a reduced WMH volume by a factor of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98; 1.00) (fully adjusted). There was also some indication for an inverse association between 25OHD and extent of periventricular (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96; 1.01]), frontal (0.99 [0.97; 1.02]) and parietal (0.98 [0.95; 1.00]) WMHs according to the Fazekas classification. Conclusions Lower 25OHD may be a risk factor for the occurrence of WMHs.