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Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity
Author(s) -
McMeans Bailey C.,
McCann Kevin S.,
Guzzo Matthew M.,
Bartley Timothy J.,
Bieg Carling,
Blanchfield Paul J.,
Fernandes Timothy,
Giacomini Henrique C.,
Middel Trevor,
Rennie Michael D.,
Ridgway Mark S.,
Shuter Brian J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
ecology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.852
H-Index - 265
eISSN - 1461-0248
pISSN - 1461-023X
DOI - 10.1111/ele.13504
Subject(s) - temperate climate , subarctic climate , ecology , biodiversity , competition (biology) , niche , climate change , biology , ecological niche , habitat
Abstract The ecological consequences of winter in freshwater systems are an understudied but rapidly emerging research area. Here, we argue that winter periods of reduced temperature and light (and potentially oxygen and resources) could play an underappreciated role in mediating the coexistence of species. This may be especially true for temperate and subarctic lakes, where seasonal changes in the thermal environment might fundamentally structure species interactions. With climate change already shortening ice‐covered periods on temperate and polar lakes, consideration of how winter conditions shape biotic interactions is urgently needed. Using freshwater fishes in northern temperate lakes as a case study, we demonstrate how physiological trait differences (e.g. thermal preference, light sensitivity) drive differential behavioural responses to winter among competing species. Specifically, some species have a higher capacity for winter activity than others. Existing and new theory is presented to argue that such differential responses to winter can promote species coexistence. Importantly, if winter is a driver of niche differences that weaken competition between, relative to within species, then shrinking winter periods could threaten coexistence by tipping the scales in favour of certain sets of species over others.