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Life‐history strategy varies with the strength of competition in a food‐limited ungulate population
Author(s) -
Kentie Rosemarie,
Clegg Sonya M.,
Tuljapurkar Shripad,
Gaillard JeanMichel,
Coulson Tim
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
ecology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.852
H-Index - 265
eISSN - 1461-0248
pISSN - 1461-023X
DOI - 10.1111/ele.13470
Subject(s) - density dependence , ungulate , population density , life history theory , biology , competition (biology) , population , life history , intraspecific competition , ecology , reproduction , population growth , selection (genetic algorithm) , demography , variation (astronomy) , habitat , computer science , artificial intelligence , sociology , physics , astrophysics
Fluctuating population density in stochastic environments can contribute to maintain life‐history variation within populations via density‐dependent selection. We used individual‐based data from a population of Soay sheep to examine variation in life‐history strategies at high and low population density. We incorporated life‐history trade‐offs among survival, reproduction and body mass growth into structured population models and found support for the prediction that different life‐history strategies are optimal at low and high population densities. Shorter generation times and lower asymptotic body mass were selected for in high‐density environments even though heavier individuals had higher probabilities to survive and reproduce. In contrast, greater asymptotic body mass and longer generation times were optimal at low population density. If populations fluctuate between high density when resources are scarce, and low densities when they are abundant, the variation in density will generate fluctuating selection for different life‐history strategies, that could act to maintain life‐history variation.