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Climate variation influences host specificity in avian malaria parasites
Author(s) -
Fecchio Alan,
Wells Konstans,
Bell Jeffrey A.,
Tkach Vasyl V.,
Lutz Holly L.,
Weckstein Jason D.,
Clegg Sonya M.,
Clark Nicholas J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
ecology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.852
H-Index - 265
eISSN - 1461-0248
pISSN - 1461-023X
DOI - 10.1111/ele.13215
Subject(s) - biology , host (biology) , ecology , avian malaria , malaria , phylogenetic tree , evolutionary ecology , niche , host specificity , zoology , plasmodium falciparum , genetics , immunology , gene , gametocyte
Parasites with low host specificity (e.g. infecting a large diversity of host species) are of special interest in disease ecology, as they are likely more capable of circumventing ecological or evolutionary barriers to infect new hosts than are specialist parasites. Yet for many parasites, host specificity is not fixed and can vary in response to environmental conditions. Using data on host associations for avian malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida), we develop a hierarchical model that quantifies this environmental dependency by partitioning host specificity variation into region‐ and parasite‐level effects. Parasites were generally phylogenetic host specialists, infecting phylogenetically clustered subsets of available avian hosts. However, the magnitude of this specialisation varied biogeographically, with parasites exhibiting higher host specificity in regions with more pronounced rainfall seasonality and wetter dry seasons. Recognising the environmental dependency of parasite specialisation can provide useful leverage for improving predictions of infection risk in response to global climate change.