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Age‐specific infectious period shapes dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep
Author(s) -
Plowright Raina K.,
Manlove Kezia R.,
Besser Thomas E.,
Páez David J.,
Andrews Kimberly R.,
Matthews Patrick E.,
Waits Lisette P.,
Hudson Peter J.,
Cassirer E. Frances
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
ecology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.852
H-Index - 265
eISSN - 1461-0248
pISSN - 1461-023X
DOI - 10.1111/ele.12829
Subject(s) - ovis canadensis , biology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , population , wildlife , wildlife disease , disease , ecology , zoology , medicine , environmental health , pathology
Superspreading, the phenomenon where a small proportion of individuals contribute disproportionately to new infections, has profound effects on disease dynamics. Superspreading can arise through variation in contacts, infectiousness or infectious periods. The latter has received little attention, yet it drives the dynamics of many diseases of critical public health, livestock health and conservation concern. Here, we present rare evidence of variation in infectious periods underlying a superspreading phenomenon in a free‐ranging wildlife system. We detected persistent infections of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae , the primary causative agent of pneumonia in bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ), in a small number of older individuals that were homozygous at an immunologically relevant genetic locus. Interactions among age‐structure, genetic composition and infectious periods may drive feedbacks in disease dynamics that determine the magnitude of population response to infection. Accordingly, variation in initial conditions may explain divergent population responses to infection that range from recovery to catastrophic decline and extirpation.