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A map of the topsoil organic carbon content of Europe generated by a generalized additive model
Author(s) -
de Brogniez D.,
Ballabio C.,
Stevens A.,
Jones R. J. A.,
Montanarella L.,
van Wesemael B.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
european journal of soil science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.244
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2389
pISSN - 1351-0754
DOI - 10.1111/ejss.12193
Subject(s) - topsoil , soil water , environmental science , soil carbon , total organic carbon , peat , land cover , subsoil , soil map , soil science , land use , geography , environmental chemistry , chemistry , ecology , archaeology , biology
Summary There is an increasing demand for up‐to‐date soil organic carbon ( OC ) data for global environmental and climatic modelling. The aim of this study was to create a map of topsoil OC content at the European scale by applying digital soil mapping techniques to the first European harmonized geo‐referenced topsoil (0–20 cm) database, which arises from the Land use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey ( LUCAS ). A map of the associated uncertainty was also produced to support careful use of the predicted OC contents. A generalized additive model ( GAM ) was fitted on 85% of the dataset ( R 2 = 0.29), using OC content as dependent variable; a backward stepwise approach selected slope, land cover, temperature, net primary productivity, latitude and longitude as suitable covariates. The validation of the model (performed on 15% of the data‐set) gave an overall R 2 of 0.27 and an R 2 of 0.21 for mineral soils and 0.06 for organic soils. Organic C content in most organic soils was under‐predicted, probably because of the imposed unimodal distribution of our model, whose mean is tilted towards the prevalent mineral soils. This was also confirmed by the poor prediction in Scandinavia (where organic soils are more frequent), which gave an R 2 of 0.09, whilst the prediction performance ( R 2 ) in non‐Scandinavian countries was 0.28. The map of predicted OC content had the smallest values in Mediterranean countries and in croplands across Europe, whereas largest OC contents were predicted in wetlands, woodlands and mountainous areas. The map of the predictions' standard error had large uncertainty in northern latitudes, wetlands, moors and heathlands, whereas small uncertainty was mostly found in croplands. The map produced gives the most updated general picture of topsoil OC content at the European Union scale.