Integrating music‐based interventions with Gamma‐frequency stimulation: Implications for healthy ageing

In recent years, music‐based interventions (MBIs) have risen in popularity as a non‐invasive, sustainable form of care for treating dementia‐related disorders, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite their clinical potential, evidence regarding the efficacy of MBIs on patient outcomes is mixed. Recently, a line of related research has begun to investigate the clinical impact of non‐invasive Gamma‐frequency (e.g., 40 Hz) sensory stimulation on dementia. Current work, using non‐human‐animal models of AD, suggests that non‐invasive Gamma‐frequency stimulation can remediate multiple pathophysiologies of dementia at the molecular, cellular and neural‐systems scales, and, importantly, improve cognitive functioning. These findings suggest that the efficacy of MBIs could, in theory, be enhanced by incorporating Gamma‐frequency stimulation into current MBI protocols. In the current review, we propose a novel clinical framework for non‐invasively treating dementia‐related disorders that combines previous MBIs with current approaches employing Gamma‐frequency sensory stimulation. We theorize that combining MBIs with Gamma‐frequency stimulation could increase the therapeutic power of MBIs by simultaneously targeting multiple biomarkers of dementia, restoring neural activity that underlies learning and memory (e.g., Gamma‐frequency neural activity, Theta‐Gamma coupling), and actively engaging auditory and reward networks in the brain to promote behavioural change.