Synaptic function and plasticity in identified inhibitory inputs onto VTA dopamine neurons

Ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) dopaminergic neurons are key components of the reward pathway, and their activity is powerfully controlled by a diverse array of inhibitory GABA ergic inputs. Two major sources of GABA ergic nerve terminals within the VTA are local VTA interneurons and neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus ( RMT g). Here, using optogenetics, we compared synaptic properties of GABA ergic synapses on VTA dopamine neurons using selective activation of afferents that originate from these two cell populations. We found little evidence of co‐release of glutamate from either input, but RMT g‐originating synaptic currents were reduced by strychnine, suggesting co‐release of glycine and GABA . VTA ‐originating synapses displayed a lower initial release probability, and at higher frequency stimulation, short‐term depression was more marked in VTA ‐ but not RMT g‐originating synapses. We previously reported that nitric oxide ( NO )‐induced potentiation of GABA ergic synapses on VTA dopaminergic cells is lost after exposure to drugs of abuse or acute stress; in these experiments, multiple GABA ergic afferents were simultaneously activated by electrical stimulation. Here we found that optogenetically‐activated VTA ‐originating synapses on presumptive dopamine neurons also exhibited NO ‐induced potentiation, whereas RMT g‐originating synapses did not. Despite providing a robust inhibitory input to the VTA , RMT g GABA ergic synapses are most likely not those previously shown by our work to be persistently altered by addictive drugs and stress. Our work emphasises the idea that dopamine neuron excitability is controlled by diverse inhibitory inputs expected to exert varying degrees of inhibition and to participate differently in a range of behaviours.