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Functions of gamma‐band synchronization in cognition: from single circuits to functional diversity across cortical and subcortical systems
Author(s) -
Bosman Conrado A.,
Lansink Carien S.,
Pennartz Cyriel M. A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
european journal of neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.346
H-Index - 206
eISSN - 1460-9568
pISSN - 0953-816X
DOI - 10.1111/ejn.12606
Subject(s) - neuroscience , cognition , synchronization (alternating current) , psychology , electroencephalography , computer science , physics , telecommunications , channel (broadcasting)
Abstract Gamma‐band activity (30–90 Hz) and the synchronization of neural activity in the gamma‐frequency range have been observed in different cortical and subcortical structures and have been associated with different cognitive functions. However, it is still unknown whether gamma‐band synchronization subserves a single universal function or a diversity of functions across the full spectrum of cognitive processes. Here, we address this question reviewing the mechanisms of gamma‐band oscillation generation and the functions associated with gamma‐band activity across several cortical and subcortical structures. Additionally, we raise a plausible explanation of why gamma rhythms are found so ubiquitously across brain structures. Gamma band activity originates from the interplay between inhibition and excitation. We stress that gamma oscillations, associated with this interplay, originate from basic functional motifs that conferred advantages for low‐level system processing and multiple cognitive functions throughout evolution. We illustrate the multifunctionality of gamma‐band activity by considering its role in neural systems for perception, selective attention, memory, motivation and behavioral control. We conclude that gamma‐band oscillations support multiple cognitive processes, rather than a single one, which, however, can be traced back to a limited set of circuit motifs which are found universally across species and brain structures.