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Disease progression and defects in primary hemostasis as major cause of bleeding in multiple myeloma
Author(s) -
Hinterleitner Clemens,
Pecher AnnChristin,
Kreißelmeier KlausPeter,
Budde Ulrich,
Kanz Lothar,
Kopp HansGeorg,
Jaschonek Karl
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
european journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1600-0609
pISSN - 0902-4441
DOI - 10.1111/ejh.13331
Subject(s) - medicine , hemostasis , von willebrand disease , von willebrand factor , gastroenterology , multiple myeloma , coagulopathy , coagulation , bleeding diathesis , surgery , platelet
Background and objectives In patients with multiple myeloma (MM), unexpected bleeding complications remain a major issue. Since routine coagulation parameters are often inconspicuous, diagnosis and treatment of the underlying coagulation disorders are challenging. Patients and methods In our single‐center observational study, we analyzed 164 patients with MM for coagulation disorders and bleeding complications. Results Prolonged closure times (CTs), measured by PFA‐100, were the most common, abnormal coagulation test, found in 66% of bleeding patients vs 5% in non‐bleeding, followed by qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratios), found in 34% vs 1% in the non‐bleeding group. Increased serum free light chains (SFLC) and SFLC ratios were significantly associated with prolonged CTs and acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). Prolonged CTs and AVWS were associated with disease progression, determined by dynamics of SFLC ratios ( P < .001), serum creatinine level ( P = .013), Beta‐2 microglobulin ( P = .03), LDH ( P = .016), and bone marrow infiltration ( P < .001). Of note, response to myeloma therapy was frequently correlated with normalization of coagulation parameters. Conclusions Bleeding complications in MM are predominantly caused by defects in primary hemostasis and associated with disease progression. In a peri‐interventional workup, determination of CTs and VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratios are of significant importance to assess bleeding risk.