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Associations between childhood adversity, cognitive schemas and attenuated psychotic symptoms
Author(s) -
LoPilato Allison M.,
Zhang Yinghao,
Pike Madeline,
Addington Jean,
Bearden Carrie E.,
Cadenhead Kristin S.,
Can Tyrone D.,
Cornblatt Barbara A.,
Mathalon Daniel H.,
McGlashan Thomas H.,
Seidman Larry,
Perkins Diana O.,
Tsuang Ming T.,
Woods Scott W.,
Walker Elaine F.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
early intervention in psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.087
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1751-7893
pISSN - 1751-7885
DOI - 10.1111/eip.13017
Subject(s) - psychology , cognition , psychosis , clinical psychology , cognitive vulnerability , psychiatry , vulnerability (computing) , neglect , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , psychological intervention , prodrome , depressive symptoms , computer security , computer science
Aim Childhood Adversity (CA) is strongly linked to psychotic‐like symptoms across the clinical spectrum, though the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood. Negative cognitive schemas are associated with both CA exposure and psychotic symptoms, highlighting the possibility that cognitive schemas may be a key risk pathway. The purpose of this study was to determine whether negative cognitive schemas mediate the association between CA and specific attenuated psychotic symptoms in a large sample of clinical‐high risk youth. Given the variability in experiences that encompass CA (eg, abuse, neglect and poverty) and attenuated psychotic symptoms (eg, suspiciousness and perceptual abnormalities), we also tested whether these associations differ by CA type (threat vs deprivation) and attenuated positive psychotic symptom domain. Methods Data were collected from 531 clinical‐high risk youth between 12 and 35 years of age (mean = 18.80, SD = 4.21) who completed a clinical assessment that included the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), Childhood Trauma and Abuse scale and questionnaires on cognitive schemas and depressive symptoms. Results No direct effects of threat or deprivation exposure on any of the psychotic symptom domains were found. However, there was a unique indirect effect of threat, but not deprivation, on delusional thinking and suspiciousness through negative cognitive schemas about others. Conclusion Cognitive vulnerability in the form of negative schemas about others may be one mechanism linking childhood threat experiences and attenuated psychotic symptoms. The results underscore the importance of targeting negative schemas in interventions to mitigate psychosis risk.