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What happened to regional inequality in B ritain in the twentieth century?
Author(s) -
Geary Frank,
Stark Tom
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the economic history review
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.014
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1468-0289
pISSN - 0013-0117
DOI - 10.1111/ehr.12114
Subject(s) - inequality , convergence (economics) , rest (music) , boom , divergence (linguistics) , economics , demographic economics , mathematics , economic growth , philosophy , medicine , mathematical analysis , linguistics , cardiology , environmental engineering , engineering
New estimates of regional GDP for G reat B ritain in the twentieth century differ from those of C rafts but confirm his hypothesis of a U‐shaped regional inequality curve between 1911 and 2001. Comparison of these estimates with revised estimates for 1861–1911 suggests that the decline in inequality in the first half of the twentieth century forms part of a trend of declining regional inequality and catch‐up of the poorer regions with the richest (the S outh E ast) dating back to the 1860s at least. This convergence trend was interrupted by the F irst W orld W ar and the subsequent difficulties of O uter B ritain in the 1920s when the gap between the S outh E ast and the rest widened. However, sometime after 1931 it picked up again. Since 1971 inequality has worsened and catch‐up has stopped; indeed, there has been divergence of the S outh E ast from the rest. This divergence has been especially marked since 1991. Although growth for all regions was faster during the period of increasing regional inequality that encompasses the second half of the twentieth century, the golden age of economic growth for regions outside the S outh E ast occurred during the long boom following the S econd W orld W ar.