Trophic ecology of the arboreal and ground ant communities in forests and savannas of central Brazil

1. The trophic ecology of organisms is often mediated by habitat characteristics. Ants are key organisms of most food webs, and their diet can be plastic depending on the relative availability of different nutrients. 2. Using stable isotope analysis, we investigated whether there were differences in the trophic position (δ 15 N) and/or in the relative importance of different carbon sources (δ 13 C) between the arboreal and ground‐dwelling ant communities inhabiting two adjacent and contrasting habitats (savannas and semideciduous forests). 3. Arboreal species on average occupied lower trophic positions (lower δ 15 N) than did the ground‐dwelling species, as probably in the arboreal stratum there is a prevalence of genera whose species rely heavily on plant and insect exudates. However, regardless of the foraging/nesting strata, there was no difference in mean δ 15 N between the savanna and forest communities, indicating that differences between these two habitats in the relative availability of sources of protein and carbohydrates for ants are either small or non‐significant. 4. The savanna ant community presented a greater δ 13 C than did the forest community, as expected, given the high abundance of C 4 grasses in savannas. However, the difference in δ 13 C between the two communities was relatively small, as few savanna species derived most of their carbon from C 4 ‐based food webs. 5. Overall, our study provided important insights into the trophic ecology of ant communities inhabiting contrasting natural habitats, such as different vegetation strata and adjacent forests and savannas.