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Plant defense responses induced by B emisia tabaci Middle East—Asia Minor 1 salivary components
Author(s) -
Yan Ying,
Zhang HaiJing,
Yang YiTing,
Zhang Yan,
Guo JianYang,
Liu WanXue,
Wan FangHao
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12423
Subject(s) - biology , jasmonic acid , saliva , salicylic acid , peroxidase , infiltration (hvac) , catalase , lipoxygenase , botany , biochemistry , enzyme , physics , thermodynamics
Abstract The in vivo effects of B emisia tabaci ( G ennadius) ( H emiptera: A leyrodidae) Middle East—Asia Minor 1 ( MEAM 1) saliva on the induced defense of tomato plants were examined. After infiltration of MEAM 1 saliva into tomato leaves, qPCR analysis indicated strong local induction of salicylic acid ( SA )‐responsive genes — salicylic acid induction deficient 2 ( SID 2 ) and β‐1,3‐glucanase ( BGL 2 )— whereas pathogenesis‐related protein‐1 ( PR 1 ) showed strong induction both locally and systemically. The jasmonic acid ( JA )‐responsive genes — omega‐3 fatty acid desaturase 3 ( FAD 3 ), lipoxygenase ( LOX ), and proteinase inhibitor II ( PI ‐ II ) — indicated moderate induction both locally and systemically. The activities of peroxidases and catalase were also induced both locally and systemically, whereas polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase were either transiently induced or unchanged. When either MEAM 1 or Asia II _3 whitefly adults were given access to leaves 2 h after saliva infiltration, the number of F1 progeny on the leaves on which the infiltration took place was significantly reduced for both. In contrast, when either MEAM 1 or Asia II _3 adults were given access to leaves 1 day after infiltration, the number of Asia II _3 progeny was significantly reduced, whereas the number of MEAM 1 progeny remained the same as the control. After 2 days, there was no significant difference for the infiltrated leaves for either species. In contrast, 2 h, 1 day, and 2 days after saliva infiltration, the number of F1 MEAM 1 progeny on leaves where infiltration did not take place was the same as the controls, whereas the number of Asia II _3 progeny was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the percentage of MEAM 1 adults on leaves with high PR 1 and BGL 2 RNA s was significantly higher than the percentage of Asia II _3 adults. Altogether, infiltration of MEAM 1 saliva caused intense local defense, as well as moderate, but more persistent systemic defense. Both the SA and JA signaling pathways were regulated by MEAM 1 salivary components, and were associated with asymmetric plant defense that favored MEAM 1 over Asia II _3.