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Effect of host‐plant and infection with ‘ C andidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ on honeydew chemical composition of the Asian citrus psyllid, D iaphorina citri
Author(s) -
Hijaz Faraj,
Lu ZhanJun,
Killiny Nabil
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12377
Subject(s) - honeydew , biology , citrus × sinensis , orange (colour) , trehalose , sucrose , botany , phloem , rutaceae , biochemistry , food science
The A sian citrus psyllid ( ACP ), D iaphorina citri K uwayama ( H emiptera: L iviidae), transmits the citrus greening pathogen ‘ C andidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ ( C L as) by feeding on citrus phloem sap. Because phloem sap is rich in sugars but low in amino acids, ACP sucks large quantities and excretes most of it as honeydew. We studied the chemical composition of ACP honeydew on various host plants. Honeydew samples were analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fourteen sugars, 13 amino acids, and six organic acids were detected in the honeydew of ACP . Sugars composed about 95% of the total compounds. Sucrose and trehalose were the predominant sugars, composing about 58 and 23% of the total sugars, respectively. Proline, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were the most abundant amino acids in ACP honeydew. The host plant and its infection with C L as had some effect on the honeydew composition. Glucose, chiro‐inositol, myo‐inositol, inositol, maltose, and turanose were lower in honeydew collected from C L as‐infected citrus compared to that collected from non‐infected trees. In C L as‐infected citrus (pineapple sweet orange, C itrus sinensis L. O sbeck) and B ergera koenigii (L.) S preng. [curry leaf tree (both Rutaceae)] honeydews, valine, alanine, serine, glutamine, glycine, and the organic acids were lower than in honeydew from healthy citrus. Mannose, galactose, inositol, mannitol, an unknown disaccharide, and proline were higher in the honeydew collected from B . koenigii than in honeydew collected from healthy citrus (pineapple sweet orange), whereas fructose, chiro‐inositol, myo‐inositol, trehalose, and lactic acid were lower. The findings of this study help us understand the metabolism and the nutrient needs of ACP that transmits C L as, the pathogen of huanglongbing in citrus.