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Feeding behavior of aphids on narrow‐leafed lupin ( L upinus angustifolius ) genotypes varying in the content of quinolizidine alkaloids
Author(s) -
Philippi Jasmin,
Schliephake Edgar,
Jürgens HansUlrich,
Jansen Gisela,
Ordon Frank
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12313
Subject(s) - phloem , biology , myzus persicae , alkaloid , aphid , botany , lupinus angustifolius , aphididae , acyrthosiphon pisum , quinolizidine , aphis craccivora , horticulture , cultivar , homoptera , pest analysis
Since the beginning of breeding narrow‐leafed lupins [ L upinus angustifolius L . ( F abaceae)] with a low alkaloid content, susceptibility to several aphid species has increased. Therefore, the probing and feeding behavior of A phis fabae S copoli, A phis craccivora K och, A cyrthosiphon pisum ( H arris), M yzus persicae ( S ulzer), and the well‐adapted M acrosiphum albifrons E ssig (all H emiptera: A phididae) was studied over 12 h on narrow‐leafed lupin genotypes containing varying amounts and compositions of alkaloids. We used the electrical penetration graph ( EPG ) technique to obtain information on the influence of alkaloid content and composition on the susceptibility to various aphid species. Results indicated that the total time of probing of A . fabae , A . craccivora , A . pisum , and M . persicae increased with a reduced alkaloid content, whereas the alkaloid content had no influence on M . albifrons . Almost all of the individuals (>93%) conducted sieve element phases on the highly susceptible genotype Bo083521AR (low alkaloid content). A reduced occurrence of phloem phases was observed during the 12‐h recording on the alkaloid‐rich cultivar Azuro, especially for A . pisum (37.5%) and A . fabae (55.0%). Furthermore, aphids feeding on genotypes with low alkaloid content had in most cases significantly longer sieve element phases than when feeding on resistant genotypes (Kalya: low alkaloid content, yet resistant; Azuro: high alkaloid content, resistant), whereas M . albifrons showed the longest phloem phase on the alkaloid‐rich cultivar Azuro. As most significant differences were found in phloem‐related parameters, it is likely that the most important plant factors influencing aphid probing and feeding behavior are localized in the sieve elements. The aphids’ feeding behavior on the cultivar Kalya, with a low alkaloid content but reduced susceptibility, indicates that not only the total alkaloid content influences the feeding behavior but additional plant factors have an impact.