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2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol is a major component of the male‐produced aggregation pheromone of M onochamus sutor
Author(s) -
Pajares Juan A.,
Álvarez Gonzalo,
Hall David R.,
Douglas Paul,
Centeno Felix,
Ibarra Nieves,
Schroeder Martin,
Teale Stephen A.,
Wang Zhiying,
Yan Shanchun,
Millar Jocelyn G.,
Hanks Lawrence M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12113
Subject(s) - pheromone , electroantennography , sex pheromone , biology , bursaphelenchus xylophilus , ethanol , bark beetle , botany , longhorn beetle , pest analysis , attraction , bark (sound) , pheromone trap , curculionidae , ecology , biochemistry , nematode , linguistics , philosophy
The small white‐marmorated longicorn beetle, M onochamus sutor ( L .) ( C oleoptera: C erambycidae), is widely distributed throughout E urope and A sia. It is a potential vector of the pine wood nematode, B ursaphelenchus xylophilus ( S teiner et B uhrer) N ickle, the causal agent of the devastating pine wilt disease. Volatiles were collected from both male and female beetles after maturation feeding. In analyses of these collections using gas chromatography ( GC ) coupled to mass spectrometry, a single male‐specific compound was detected and identified as 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol. In analyses by GC coupled to electroantennography the only consistent responses from both female and male antennae were to this compound. Trapping tests were carried out in S pain, S weden, and C hina. 2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol was attractive to both male and female M . sutor beetles. A blend of the bark beetle pheromones ipsenol, ipsdienol, and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol was also attractive to both sexes in Spain and Sweden, and further increased the attractiveness of the 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol. The host plant volatiles α‐pinene, 3‐carene, and ethanol were weakly attractive, if at all, in all three countries and did not significantly increase the attractiveness of the blend of 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol and bark beetle pheromones. 2‐(Undecyloxy)‐ethanol is thus proposed to be the major, if not only, component of the male‐produced aggregation pheromone of M . sutor , and its role is discussed. This compound has been reported as a pheromone of several other M onochamus species and is another example of the parsimony that seems to exist among the pheromones of many of the C erambycidae. Traps baited with 2‐(undecyloxy)‐ethanol and bark beetle pheromones should be useful for monitoring and control of pine wilt disease, should M . sutor be proven to be a vector of the nematode.