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Field trapping of male P hyllonorycter ringoniella using variable ratios of pheromone components
Author(s) -
Du Yongjun,
Li Ping,
Chen Zhiqun,
Lin Yanru,
Wang Yahong,
Qin Yuanxia
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/eea.12034
Subject(s) - pheromone , electroantennography , biology , lepidoptera genitalia , sex pheromone , stereochemistry , botany , zoology , chemistry
The sex pheromone of P hyllonorycter ringoniella ( M atsumura) ( L epidoptera: G racillariidae) has been identified to be a blend of ( Z )‐10‐tetradecenyl acetate ( Z 10‐14: OA c) and E 4, Z 10‐tetradecadienyl acetate ( E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c) in J apan, K orea, and C hina. However, the commercial product based on previous results is not attractive enough to be used for monitoring and controlling apple leafminer populations in the field. We re‐investigated the attractiveness of the two pheromone components, singly and in blends, in apple orchards in S hangdong and S haanxi, the main apple‐growing provinces in C hina. Our results revealed that Z 10‐14: OA c alone was not attractive to P . ringoniella male moths in the field, but E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c alone not only was strongly attractive but caught more males than any of the blends of Z 10‐14: OA c and E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c tested. The most attractive blend ratios differed slightly for the two locations. No clear dose–response relationship was obtained for the 2:8 blend of Z 10‐14: OA c and E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c. However, the dose–response field study of E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c alone showed that 1 mg per lure achieved the highest moth catch. These findings differ from the previous report of the best pheromone blend in C hina. Our data showed that E 4, Z 10‐14: OA c is the major component of the pheromone of P . ringoniella .